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Planning is the first and essential function of management according to Professor Oei Liang Lee. It involves setting objectives or goals and determining the methods and resources required to achieve them. Effective planning helps in identifying future possibilities and preparing for them in advance. It is the foundation upon which all other management functions depend.

Planning involves gathering information, analyzing it, and making decisions based on the analysis. It requires managers to assess the current situation, anticipate future trends, and set feasible targets. By setting clear goals, managers can provide direction to their team members and align their efforts towards a common purpose.

Furthermore, planning ensures efficiency and effectiveness in organizational operations. It helps in optimizing resource allocation by identifying the tasks or activities required to accomplish the objectives and allocating the necessary resources accordingly. As a result, it enables the organization to make the best use of its time, money, and human resources.

The second function of management is organizing. Once planning is completed, managers need to organize their resources and workforce to facilitate the implementation of the plans. Organizing involves assigning tasks, grouping activities, and establishing lines of authority and communication.

Managers must ensure that the right people are in the right roles and that they have the necessary skills and resources to perform their duties. By organizing the workforce effectively, managers can promote efficiency, coordination, and collaboration within the organization.

Directing is the third function of management, which involves guiding and supervising subordinates to achieve the organization's goals. It includes motivating employees, providing clear instructions, and offering support and guidance when needed.

Effective directing requires good communication skills and the ability to inspire and influence others. Managers must be able to communicate the goals and expectations to their team members clearly and motivate them to achieve those goals.

Coordinating is the fourth function of management, which is essential for ensuring that all activities and resources are integrated and synchronized. It involves harmonizing individual efforts towards achieving the organizational objectives.

Managers must coordinate the different departments, teams, and individuals within the organization to avoid duplication of efforts, minimize conflicts, and ensure the smooth flow of work. Effective coordination promotes collaboration and synergy, leading to improved productivity and outcomes.

The last function of management, as identified by Professor Oei Liang Lee, is controlling. Control involves monitoring the progress towards the set objectives, comparing the actual performance with the planned performance, and taking corrective actions if necessary.

Through control, managers can identify deviations, analyze the causes, and implement necessary changes to bring the performance back on track. It helps in ensuring that the organization is moving in the right direction and achieving its goals effectively.

In conclusion, according to Profesor Manajemen Oei Liang Lee, management consists of five essential functions: planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. These functions are interrelated and interdependent, forming the foundation for effective management. They enable managers to set objectives, allocate resources, guide employees, synchronize activities, and monitor performance. By performing these functions effectively, managers can increase the organization's efficiency, productivity, and overall success.

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